However, live media broadcasting could not take much advantage of IT to conserve their quality association with their audience. (2020). (2020b). The Third Anglo-Afghan War[a] began on 6 May 1919 when the Emirate of Afghanistan invaded British India and ended with an armistice on 8 August 1919. WebAbout Our Coalition. Information technology inclusion in this industry has allowed the industry to hit the ground running, but it would not have been easy without sufficient technology and IT services. The travelers can check out their destination in 3D even before they arrive to avoid the hassle of airport requirements, tickets, and holiday arrangements (Bhuiyan et al., 2020; Rao and Krantz, 2020b; Sigala, 2020). [11], Amanullah had his uncle Nasrullah arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for Habibullah's murder. The health sector is the first to fight an emergency. J. This situation has brought about not only practical social distancing but also economic distancing and has put the world economy in danger. Sentiment analysis on synchronous online delivery of instruction due to extreme community quarantine in the Philippines caused by COVID-19 pandemic. South Korea, China, and Taiwan also use location-tracking services to limit virus transmission. Many countries' healthcare systems have been partly or entirely interrupted. In an effort to negate this threat, the British made numerous attempts at imposing their will upon Kabul, and over the course of the 19th century fought two wars: the First Anglo-Afghan War (18391842) and the Second Anglo-Afghan War (18781880). (2020). Lahore, 11 July 2020: The tickets refund process of the 10 HBL Pakistan Super League matches which were abandoned due to rain, played behind closed doors or rescheduled due to Covid-19 will commence on Monday, 13 July, it was announced today. 29, 120. More equipment and innovative IT adoption are required in the sector to run their operations. Against this, the British at Thal, under Brigadier General Alexander Eustace, possessed only four battalions. The literature shows that COVID-19 has significantly influenced all industries, including tourism, which is considered the worst-hit industry. "[57], Casualties during the conflict amounted to approximately 1,000 Afghans killed in action,[2] while the British and Indian forces lost 236 killed in action. Many of these units did not exist at the time of the war but were formed as part of the reorganisation of the Indian Army in 1922; however, the decision was made to award the battle honour to the successor units of those involved in the war. J. Med. Digital technology seems to support companies with IT infrastructures, duly operating online and offline. The troops in India were no longer as uncritical as they had been when considering what they were being asked to do. A similar situation is observed in the media industries (news agencies, motion pictures, and broadcasting) of Brazil and the United States. For whatever reason the attack had been launched ahead of schedule, however, for Amanullah had intended initially to time it to coincide with an uprising that was being planned in Peshawar for 8 May. The direct contribution refers to internal spending on travel and tourism. [5] According to British author Michael Barthorp, it was a strategic victory for the British because the Durand Line was reaffirmed as the border between Afghanistan and the British Raj,[6][7] and the Afghans agreed not to foment trouble on the British side. This study is based on the ILO's assessment of the sectoral effects and captured industries. The travelers will soon find the VR apps for their choice of destinations. The purpose of the current study is to assess the effect of COVID-19 on service sector growth and sustainability. 160! doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015, Smith, A. C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., et al. Arshad Sharif's murder was an 'inside job' Mavenjina sees a 'well-planned' operation by 'well-trained' shooters Coronavirus: Impact on the Tourism Industry Worldwide - Statistics & Facts. 12. For the British in India, Afghanistan was seen as a threat. Like other industries, the food industry has also faced unprecedented conditions. The tourism sector's situation needs to be tactically dealt with to recuperate the socio-economic stability after the COVID-19. Digitalization and technology are becoming a vital part of the health sector. Choose your dishes. The earliest, Army Order 97/24, granted the honour to 14 British units. 1919 war between the British Empire (India) and the Emirate of Afghanistan, Following a similar trend to what was happening in Afghanistan, there had been a rising nationalist movement in India at the same time, culminating in riots and disorder in Punjab. [40][50], After this Dyer continued his attack and as Nadir Khan's force withdrew from the area, Dyer followed them up with cavalry and armoured cars from the 37th Lancers, while the RAF, using machine guns and iron bombs, attacked and dispersed about 400 tribesmen that were in the area and which posed a threat of counterattack. Data science for virtual tourism using cutting-edge visualizations: information geometry and conformal mapping. (2020). This study will establish that it is the weakness of various companies' IT infrastructures that causes the economies to collapse. At the same time, the 6th Brigade from the 2nd Infantry Division moved up to Peshawar from Rawalpindi to help quell the unrest there. Previous literature analysis also shows that the emergence of the coronavirus has affected the tourism industry significantly and has become severe over time, and people have become afraid of each other. India and Pakistan launched similar applications that allow people to self-report the cases and danger and safe zone, and there is also an option for if someone might have met somebody who then later tested positive for COVID-19. How did different countries respond to COVID-19 to continue their economic operation, and what is their recommendation regarding IT integration? 2020:2020080418. Teachers and students show adaptability in using technology-based platforms for online learning as an alternative to the existing conventional classroom system (Chick et al., 2020; Ting et al., 2020). Information communication technology has allowed the world to become globally connected. *Correspondence: Saad Rasool, muhammadsaad@163.com; Kamran Javid, kamran.javed86@hotmail.com, Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19): The Impact on Psychology of Sustainability, Sustainable Development, and Global Economy, View all doi: 10.1080/13683500.2020.1798896. 11, 332346. However, they also provide public services through IT infrastructure both online and remotely. World Health Organization. Wikipedia is a multilingual free online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers through open collaboration and a wiki-based editing system.Its editors are known as Wikipedians.Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. J. Telemed. [14], Despite remaining neutral in the conflict, Habibullah did in fact accept a Turkish-German mission in Kabul and military assistance from the Central Powers as he attempted to play both sides of the conflict for the best deal. This study will explore the impact of COVID-19 on both types of businesses to analyze how an IT infrastructure helps businesses to maintain their economic activities during such situations. In contrast, businesses that are lagging in incorporating IT technology have faced many problems. [40][45][46], Seeing that the situation was deteriorating for the British and seeing an opportunity, Nadir Khan decided to attack Thal. Health Affairs Blog. [14] The departure of a large part of the British Indian Army to fight overseas and news of British defeats at the hands of the Turks aided Turkish agents in efforts at sedition, and in 1915 there was unrest amongst the Mohmands and then the Mahsuds. [49], The next day, 2 June, at dawn Dyer's brigade launched an attack on the Afghan regulars that were positioned away to the west of Thal and as this attack went in Nadir Khan sent out an envoy to deliver a message to the brigade commander. Technological instruments are vital resources for the efficient monitoring and control of disease outbreaks since people cannot operate and balance the magnitude and speed of AI devices. Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, China. The current study also emphasizes the role of information technology during COVID-19. [24] On 13 May British and Indian troops seized control of the western Khyber without opposition and occupied Dacca,[15] however, the British camp was poorly sited for defence and as a consequence they came under an intense long-range artillery barrage from Afghan artillery before Amanullah launched an infantry assault on them. Long-distance learning is not a new idea, but its vitality is acknowledged in this pandemic. Unaware that this request had been made, and uncertain as to whether the message and request for a cease fire was a ruse on Nadir Khan's part, Dyer decided that he would not take any chances and sent the reply: "My guns will give an immediate reply, but your letter will be forwarded to the Divisional Commander". But, as British influence declined, the Afghans were able to gain control of their own foreign affairs and in the aftermath emerged as a fully independent state. Innovative and technology-based solutions are proposed concerning travelers' safety and hygiene. 11th Gurkha Rifles, and not all units that took part in the war were awarded the battle honour, e.g. JAMA 323, 21292130. (2020). This served to alert the British Chief Commissioner of the North West Frontier, Sir George Roos-Keppel, who had become aware of the plan[20] and as a result he was able to successfully convince the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford, of the need to respond to the occupation of Bagh before it led to further unrest in Peshawar. Patient-engaged video surveillance and robotic intervention to deliver medicine right to the patients' beds has kept the healthcare personnel safe from contracting the virus. General elections were held in Pakistan on Saturday 11 May 2013 to elect the members of the 14th National Assembly and the four Provincial Assemblies.The three major parties were the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) led by Nawaz Sharif, the Pakistan People's Party led by incumbent President Asif Ali Zardari and the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) led by Imran Khan. These men were organised into 21 cavalry regiments and 75 infantry battalions, with about 280 modern artillery pieces, organised into 70 batteries, in support. On the other hand, the badly thumped sector was tourism. [39] By this time the troops were exposed to the heat of the day; nevertheless, after another barrage was called down, the Sikhs attacked the Afghan line despite the heat and the attack was carried to the top of the ridge. doi: 10.1177/2031952520934583, Mohsin, M., Naiwen, L., Zia-UR-Rehman, M., Naseem, S., and Baig, S. A. [24][30], Meanwhile, a cordon was thrown around Peshawar and demands were made for the population to hand over the uprising's ringleaders. The global lockdown has reduced supplies to almost zero, and even the mobility of necessities was cut down by more than a quarter. World Economic Forum. However, of these, all but ten (two cavalry and eight infantry) had been withdrawn in order to fight in Europe or the Middle East. Other than the healthcare system, key industries that are hit harder by lockdown are manufacturing, retail, public services, entertainment, media, the transport industry, and tourism. [11] While the country ostensibly remained independent, under the Treaty of Gandamak (1879) it accepted that in external matters it would "have no windows looking on the outside world, except towards India". WebIntentional. They were in no way prepared for a hard-fought campaign on the Indian frontier. In her blog about the transport economic situation in COVID-19, Tatiana Peralta Quiros mentioned that it is important to reopen the transport industry, keeping public safety in mind. Moreover, there are two sectors that have been affected the most during this pandemic: health and tourism. Historical reports have identified that immediate contact with humans during December 2019 transmitted the virus locally, which caused a large spread. Indian Airlines Flight 814, commonly known as IC 814, was an Indian Airlines Airbus A300 en route from Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, Nepal, to Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, India, on Friday, 24 December 1999, when it was hijacked and flown to several locations before landing in Kandahar, Afghanistan.. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication. WebWikipedia is a multilingual free online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers through open collaboration and a wiki-based editing system.Its editors are known as Wikipedians.Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. [53], Although limited in numbers and quality,[i] airpower proved to be one of the greatest assets that the British possessed during this conflict. Despite the difficulties facing this sector, the online ordering service supports the company to a degree. 27, 29562971. [24], Artillery was also in short supply, and the three frontier divisions each had a British field artillery brigade of the Royal Field Artillery with two batteries of 18-pounders and one battery of 4.5-inch howitzers, and an Indian mountain brigade with two batteries of 2.75-inch mountain guns. Global libraries, interactive learning applications, and other tools to support students, teachers, and parents are the future of the education sector, and these have to be seriously considered. Member since Sep 2022. [25] The RAF squadrons involved were No. Technology has been playing a prominent role in helping and maintaining frontier jobs. [24][32] Coinciding with this, three BE2c aircraft from the Royal Air Force carried out a bombing raid on Dacca in Afghanistan, attacking a group of hostile tribesmen. Tourism-based economies face the biggest challenge in their history. It affects the economy and whole standards and values, altering them to produce an entirely new chain of values. The COVID-19 epidemic has hit the world economy very hard, leaving no industry unaffected. This encouraged distance and online learning using technology, as 91.4% of the students, around 63 million teachers, and other education-related staff were severely impacted. [63], The Army Order was unusual in that a mistake was made in awarding the Afghanistan 1919 battle honour to The Hampshire Regiment and the 21st Lancers. As a result, it was decided to disarm and disband the regiment in an effort to stop the spread of similar sentiment to other regiments. Worldwide Monthly hotel occupancy rates (20182020). Future smart-organizations: a virtual tourism enterprise, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (Hong Kong), 45646. o Disapproving o Shocked o happy o Indifferent 38. One of the TF battalions had previously been engaged in operations in, Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford, 2nd Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment, Prince Albert's (Somerset Light Infantry), Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment), Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment), Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment), Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire Regiment), 25th (County of London) Cyclist Battalion, 6th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers (Watson's Horse), 11th Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry (Frontier Force), 103rd (Peshawar) Pack Battery (Frontier Force) (Howitzer), Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers and Miners, King George's Own Bengal Sappers and Miners, 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles), Military history of the North-West Frontier, "Few Snapshots from our Aviation History", "Foreign Relations of the United States, 19521954, Africa and South Asia, Volume XI, Part 2", Regiments of the Commonwealth & British Empire, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (19962001), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_Anglo-Afghan_War&oldid=1111430650, 20th-century military history of the United Kingdom, AfghanistanUnited Kingdom military relations, Articles containing Persian-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, India articles missing geocoordinate data, Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 50,000 man standing army supported by up to 80,000 tribesmen. The travel industry was also impacted due to the Chinese government's lockdown situation meant to prohibit the coronavirus spread. COVID-19: Developments in West Asia. Like all the historical crises, this pandemic also brings irreversible damage to this industry. The COVID-19 crises necessitate significant changes to the media and entertainment industry's conventional work industry. [58] It was assumed in London that if the Whites won the Civil War, a new era in Anglo-Russian relations might possibly open as the victorious Whites might be grateful for British support, rendering the need for a buffer state in Central Asia irrelevant. It has been observed that people worldwide have reduced or eliminated their relationships and contacts with the Chinese population and their businesses. This study also contributes to the body of literature by suggesting IT-based solutions for various industries to elevate effective responsiveness and avoid significant losses. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3151. The transportation industry has also experienced a significant loss due to a lack of passengers. WebKarachi (/ k r t i /; Urdu: ; Sindhi: ; ALA-LC: Karc, IPA: [krati] ()) is the most populous city in Pakistan and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of over 20 million. The government should support smallmedium enterprises. JAMA 323, 13411342. The same is witnessed in Australia, where performing arts and other cultural activities fell by 29.5% in March and April (Statistics, 2020). Crocker. Share of GDP Generated by the Travel and Tourism Industry Worldwide From 2000 to 2019. Issues Tour. There is a change of 0.9% employment in the Australian accommodation and food services sector from March 2019 to March 2020 (Vandenbroek, 2020). doi: 10.1002/ijfe.2289, Sarfraz, M., Shehzad, K., and Farid, A. Educ. The schools' closure put this industry at significant risk of unemployment and, at worst, complete school closure. Maintaining social distance levels is in line with the limitations placed on people's movement, and mass transit is strongly discouraged. The name of the country was coined in 1933 by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan The British also stopped arms sales from India to Afghanistan. World Health Organization (2020). 77, 729732. They have examples, of course, of this old weaving art, but there is also a very good film on how it is made and the culture expressed in the designs. 6. Regional Office for Europe. Available online at: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202008.0418/v1. During this global pandemic, the economic losses are so devastating that global economies are looking at a future recession. Available online at: https://www.statista.com/topics/6224/covid-19-impact-on-thetourism-industry/ (accessed April 15, 2020). [40], As part of the attack on the Khyber, secondary attacks had been planned on Quetta and Kurram, and in the north in Chitral state and in the south in Baluchistan and the Zhob Valley. Due to considerable losses to multiple industries, worldwide, business operators have encouraged business operators to act and develop counter-strategies for businesses' survival by taking extra measures that have not been fruitful in avoiding or reducing the virus's spread. Needing a way of cementing his power, upon seizing the throne in April 1919, Amanullah posed as a supporter of democratic ideals, promising governmental reforms. Pandemic buying: testing a psychological model of over-purchasing and panic buying using data from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the strict social distancing and lockdown situation, 79.7% of the workforce of the arts, recreation, and entertainment industry lost their jobs or were placed on forced leave in the United Kingdom (Mangan, 2020). [41] Following this Lord Chelmsford decided that the situation could be resolved by continuing the advance further into Afghanistan and gave the order for the brigade in Dacca to march towards Jalalabad, but this order was unable to be carried out as fighting broke out further to the south and in the eastern Khyber. WebEtymology. Manag. It can be your home, office, a hotel or even parks! The Afghan forces in this area were under the command of General Nadir Khan[h] and he possessed a force of some 14 battalions. However, most batteries had only four guns. The religious affairs secretary told the committee that the Nawab of Bahawalpur had bought six properties in Saudi Arabia in 1906. COVID-19 is the first epidemic in human history in which technology and social media are used to shield people while being physically isolated. Schools and other offline businesses were put on lockdown to prevent the spread of the virus, and many continue to operate though online. Hall (2020) indicated that various online platforms and applications play their role in bringing up creative content with a copyrights issue. Additionally, unlike the first two Anglo-Afghan wars where individual campaign ribbons were issued for separate engagements, no campaign medal was struck for this conflict. IT infrastructure and associated technologies are used to tackle the paramount pandemic hygiene and prevention measures. Therefore, the researchers used publicly accessible data to analyze the ongoing global recession based on national website data. Concerned that they would rise up against him if left to their own devices, Eustace gave the order to abandon the militia outposts, but in doing so, precipitated the desertion of many of the militiamen. The current study was carried out during the pandemic period and at the height of COVID-19 with a strict worldwide lockdown situation. Intentional weight loss is the loss of total body mass as a result of efforts to improve fitness and health, or to change appearance through slimming. This will define tourism in a completely different way. In some regions, mobile applications were introduced to track the COVID-19 situation and collect the location-based data of people suspected to be infected. Reports have been published on the loss that occurred in various industries due to COVID-19. doi: 10.1002/ijfe.2442, Naseem, S., Mohsin, M., Hui, W., Liyan, G., and Penglai, K. (2021). 16. In this study, we discuss the gaps in the literature surrounding the economy and economic environments and encourage future research to focus on the stress and well-being explanation, particularly in response to the pandemic decline. It has had an unprecedented impact on almost everything, including activity and movement. In stark contrast to the regulars, the tribal lashkars were probably the best troops that the Afghans had, being of excellent fighting quality, well armed, mainly with weapons that they had made themselves or stolen from the garrisons and with plenty of ammunition. B. O. In addition, 615 were wounded, 566 died from cholera, and 334 died as a result of other diseases and accidents. Europe hotel occupancy was declined by 82.3% in May 2020. The whole environment has become infectious and dangerous for people. 12:633597. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633597. When the crises intimately affect this industry, it can even turn into a devastating slump. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2005835, Kwok, A. O., and Koh, S. G. (2020). In such a devastating situation, technology is the only hope to keep the economy on track. Meanwhile, deep learning and big data techniques can be monitored and useful in content automation. AI-assisted virtual assistants, chatbots, and information centers help the health sector diagnose and test for COVID-19 and play a vital role in facilitating the maintenance of social distancing to stop the spread. [24] They could also direct the fire of the 60-pounders. The current pandemic era has negatively affected the business sector. Serving in divisions of infantry, armour and a fledgling airborne force, they fought All of the sectors and industries listed must involve digitalization and technology to respond to crises appropriately. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708. [11][18] As a result of the peace treaty that was negotiated, the British ceased payment of the Afghan subsidy, and thus ended their claim to direct Afghan foreign policy, which had been the quid pro quo of the Emir accepting the subsidy. Gen Bajwa pays farewell visits to Bahawalpur, Okara Army chief directs troops to keep serving nation with traditional zeal and passion under all circumstances, says ISPR News Desk November 18, 2022 According to the Institute of Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE), the audiovisual news agency and editing industry production fell by around 14.8% in March 2020. Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: big data analytics, new technology, and proactive testing. The coronavirus epidemic (COVID19) has affected the global economy and service sector. The impact of COVID-19 can be seen on the hotel occupancy. Gssling, S., Scott, D., and Hall, C. M. (2020). Similarly, those working with voiceover and dubbing are provided with the equipment to record themselves or are sent to rent cars with equipment onboard near their houses so they can work remotely. Int. Using technology to maintain the education of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it has been known that coronavirus has killed millions of people around the world and has devastated the tourism industry. The cavalry was little better than indifferent infantry mounted on equally indifferent ponies. J. Soc. Flim Directors are using the robot camera for making a new video. The boundaries of Sialkot are joined with Jammu (the winter capital of Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir) in the north east, the districts of Narowal in the southeast, Gujranwala in the southwest and Gujrat in the Covid-19 and health care's digital revolution. PLoS ONE 16:e0246339. The movement restrictions on the frequent travelers and tourists confined them to their homes; traveling is not currently an option now, and it is unknown if and when life will return to normal. Social Media Today (accessed April 10, 2020). However, this condition also leads researchers to digitize and innovate the food industry. The crypto-trade volume, GDP, energy use, and environmental degradation sustainability: an analysis of the top 20 crypto-trader countries. [24], In response to this the British Indian government declared war upon Afghanistan on 6 May and ordered a general mobilisation of the British and Indian forces. Cycle Res. COVID-19 and extended reality (XR). In 1919, the Afghan regular army was not a very formidable force, and was only able to muster some 50,000 men. Simultaneously, it has been tough for production houses to keep their activities running, as recording shows and live broadcasting has become more challenging due to social distancing. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, business sustainability, economic growth, service sector, information technology, Citation: Xiang S, Rasool S, Hang Y, Javid K, Javed T and Artene AE (2021) The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Service Sector Sustainability and Growth. In his letter to the British government he said, "It is a matter of great regret that the throwing of bombs by Zeppelins on London was denounced as a most savage act and the bombardment of places of worship and sacred spots was considered a most abominable operation, while now we see with our own eyes that such operations were a habit which is prevalent amongst all civilized people of the West. Chat-bots, online bookings, and journey planners are already in place. [25], Machine guns, at least on the Khyber front, were old .303 Maxims. Along with health and education experts, public servants also help prevent virus spread and aid recovery. [24][33][f], Following this the 2nd and 3rd Infantry Brigades of the 1st Infantry Division were dispatched from Nowshera and Abbottabad, concentrating at Jamrud and Kacha Garhi. The role of electronic commerce in creating virtual tourism destination marketing organisations. Content monetization can be an excellent solution to sustain the business and attract benevolent donors. The buses have the sitting capacity of 32 people, 35 to 40 people can travel standing whereas it also has two reserved seats for special citizens. Artillery was ponydrawn, or pack, and included modern 10cm Krupp howitzers, 75mm Krupp mountain guns and ancient 7 pounder weapons. The demands for other goods have decreased frantically because of the decline in use. The pandemic has driven the world toward adapting to the current circumstances regardless of the business, sector, or industry. The buses have the sitting capacity of 32 people, 35 to 40 people can travel standing whereas it also has two reserved seats for special citizens. [54], Indeed, as a result of the war and the lessons that were learned about the potential of airpower in the region, following the war, the Chief of the Air Staff, Sir Hugh Trenchard, proposed controlling the frontier by air power alone. It is consistently one of the 10 most popular websites ranked by Similarweb and formerly Alexa; as of 2022, J. Contemp. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics in Current Employment Statistics survey, the motion picture sector fell by 52%. These revelations, coming on the eve of COP27, are not lost on decision-makers. Gauging the air quality of New York: a non-linear Nexus between COVID-19 and nitrogen dioxide emission. [55] During the course of the conflict, British aircraft losses included at least one plane crashed and two shot down. 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